2006. 05
žҰ       NEWS
 
 
ɹü ; Digoxin
1. Digoxin
   • 汸 : Tablet ( Digoxin tab 0.25mg)
            Elixir
   • ֻ :        ( Digoxin inj 0.25mg)

2. ۿ
    ɱ ִ Na+-K+-ATPase μ Na+ 󵵰 ϰ ȴ. Na+/Ca++ exchange system driving force Ca++ Ǿ Ca++ 󵵰 ϰ ǰ ɱ ϰ ȴ.
     忡 ۿϿ ɹⷮ

Positive inotropic effect on both the normal and failing heart, 뷮
ATP-dependent pump : Na-K ATPase inhibitor
    stimulation sodium-ca;coi, excjamge Ca positive inotropic action
cardiac action potential ȭŴ
CHF ȯڿ primary autonomic effect Ÿ
Neurohormonal modulatory effect
    sympathetic nervous system, RAAS actovatopm ( Heart failure)
Vagomimetic action
    HR , AV node conduction velocity ( Atrial arrhythmia)

Digoxin
  FDA indication : CHF, supraventricular tachyarrhythmia
  Cor pulmonale, PDA (Potent arterio), postmyocardial infarction, VSD (Ventricular septal defect),
   sick sinus syndrome

3. ൿ
  (%) ܹ (%) ҽ ݰ (hr)
Digoxin 75 20-40 Ϻδ ǰ
50~70% ̺ȭü Ź輳ȴ.
32~48
Methyldigoxin 70-10 10-22 Ϻδ ǰ
50~60% ̺ȭü Ź輳ȴ.
1.5~2.5


  4. Digoxin Digitoxin ӻ ๰
  Digoxin Digitoxin
Oral bioavailability    
 Tablets 0.5~0.9 (0.65) 0.9~1.0
 Elixir 0.75~0.85 (0.80)  
 Capsules () 0.9~1.0 (0.95)  
Onset of action    
 Oral 1.5~6hr 3~6hr
 Intravenous 15~30min 30~120min
Peak effect    
 Oral 4~6hr 6~12hr
 Intravenous 1.5~4hr 4~6hr
Terminal half-life    
 Normal renal function 36hr 7d
 Aunuric patients 5d 7d
     
Volume of distribution at steady state 7.3L/kg 0.6L/kg
Fraction unbound in plasma 0.75~0.80 0.05~0.10
Principal route of elimination Renal Hepatic


 4. Monitoring parameters
     ȿ : CHF ; 0.8~2.0ng/mL
                       Arrythmias : 1.5~2.5ng/mL
    : IV 4ð
                  汸 6ð (12~24ð )
       cf. ๰ elimination post-absorptive, post-distrivutive phase Ƿ 8~24hrs ʿ
     Toxic : 2ng/mL ̻ (3~4ng/mL ; )
        cf. Ҿ 󵵿 (3~4ng/mL)


 5. ۿ
: Ŀ, (~70%), , (6~41%)
: ð, Ʒ (halos), Ȳ Ǵ (yellow or green vision), , ν,
: , , S-A block, ɹ Ǵ ڵ (atrial or nodal ectopic beats), ɽǺ, ̴ܸ (bigeminy), ܹ (trigeminy), ɹ漺
; (feeding intolerance), ,
߽Ű : , , Ƿ, (lethagy), Ű, (vertigo), Ⱘ
к : Į, ޼ , estrogen-like action, gynecomastia, sexual dysfuncion
Teratogenicity : ӻο ¹ Ͽ ¾ƿ ޵Ǿ fetal SVT ġ (FDA category C)

Digitalis ߵ
    ص :
       Digoxin immune Fab-Life thretening venticular arrhythmias
       Activated charcoal : Digoxin 󵵸 12~18ð 30~40%
    ߵ (Į ///electrolyte distrubance)
    汸 : Cholestyramine

Digoxin immune fab
    Specific antibodies for treatment of digitalis overdose
    : DGX پ ( 384mg)
               ʱ, 20vial (760mg) or 10vial ȯ ¿ EK 10vial
               calculations based on estimated numver of digoxin tablets or capsules taken
Digibind Dose (in number of vials) = Digoxin dose (mg) F/0.5
    PK : S&S Ϲ 30min ̳ 氨
      FAB fragments 輳 ź 1 ̻
    : life-threatening digitalis overdose ġ
            [Digoxin-Specific antibody fragmentsms Digoxin 鿪ȭ 翡 ü̴.
             Digoxin-ü ȥü ؼ ȴ. ̰ Digoxin̳
            Digitoxin ص ̰ ִ. GSK www.kodc.or.kr)

6. 뷮
Digitoxin 뷮 ѺϿ뷮1 2, 3 ¡ȯ 뷮
  Clcr 10~50mL/min :
 25~75% Ǵ
 36ð
ClCR < 10mL/min :
 10~25% Ǵ   48ð
ȯ (ESRD) :
 50% Ͽ뷮  
Ҿ ̼, 20~30g/kg 15~25g/kg 5~7.5g/kg 4~6g/kg
  ϼ, 25~35g/kg 20~30g/kg 6~10g/kg 5~8g/kg
  1~2 35~60g/kg 30~50g/kg 10~15g/kg 7.5~12g/kg
2~5 30~40g/kg 25~35g/kg 7.5~10g/kg 6~9g/kg
5~10 20~35g/kg 15~30g/kg 5~10g/kg 4~8g/kg
10 ̻ 10~15g/kg 9~12g/kg 2.5~5g/kg 2~3g/kg
    0.75~1.5mg 0.5~1mg 0.125~0.5mg 0.1~0.4mg

   * 汸 ( Ǵ ) Ǵ I.M I.V ȭ 20~25%ŭ Ͽ Ѵ.
    1. ü 50% ÿ뷮 , 8~12ð 25% 2ȸ
    2. Ƴ 10 Ҿƿ 12ð Ͽ , 10 ̻ Ҿ οԴ 1 1ȸ
    3. ɺ lbw (Lean Body Weight) ű , ű ϵ ȯڿ ʿϴ.


Digitoxin 뷮 ѺϿ뷮
 
Ҿ 1 0.045mg/kg digitalizing dose 1/10 ȯ
 : Clcr < 10mL/min
   뷮 50~75%
ȯ
 : ȯ
   ʿϴ.
  1~2 0.04mg/kg  
  2 ̻ 0.03mg/kg  (0.75mg/m2 ش)  
Ͽ뷮 ù ȸ 0.6mg 2ȸ° 0.4mg
3ȸ° 0.2mg 4~6ð
Ѵ.
1 0.05~3mg
Ǵ 뷮
 : 1 0.15mg
  Ͽ뷮 0.2mg 1 2ȸ, 4ϰ
 

ֱٿ ߵ 輺 ̰ų , Ư ܷ , ̴ , Ǵ ɹڼ ʹ ɹ漼 뷮 ó ϴ ̰ ִ.  (no-lodading dose ) Digoxin ݰ (1.5) 5 Ⱓ, 1 Ŀ ʱ Ϸ ɱٳ 󵵿 ̸ ϴ ̴.


 7. ๰ȣۿ
      
ۿ/ȿ
Amiodarone 輳 Ŵ. Digoxin 󵵰 70~100%
Antacids Digoxin ü̿ 20~35% ҵ 2ð
Cholestyramine Colestipol 峻 Digoxin Ͽ Digoxin ü ̿ 20~35%
Diuretics ȭ (Hypokalemia, Hypomagnesesmia) Digitalis
Erythromycin Tetracycline 峻 ȭ ; 10% ȯ Digoxin ü ̿, 󵵰 40~100%
Kaolin-pectin 뷮 (30~60mL) Digoxin ü ̿ 60%
Metaclopramide  صǴ ü ҽŴ
Neomycin Sulfasalazine Digoxin ü ̿ 20~25%
Propafenone 輳 ҽŴ. Digoxin 󵵰 30~40%
Quinidine 輳 ҽŴ. Digoxin ġȯϿ volume of distribution ҽŴ Digoxin 󵵰 2 ; 1/2 ٿ
Spironolactone 輳 ҽŴ. Digoxin
Verapamil 輳 Ŵ. Digoxin 󵵰 70~100%
 
 
Drug interaction
DGX Amiodarone (2, ), Antithyroid, Erythromycin (2), Itraconazole, Prazosin, Propafenone (30~90% ), Qunidine (2, 1/2 ), Roxithromycin, Tetracycline
Amphotericin B (K ս ʷ, K ), Diuretics
Cyclosporin, Indomethacin (, 40% ), Spironolactone (25% , Spironolactone ü DGX ߳ ), Trazodone, Trimethoprim (25%)
Hydroxychloroquine (70% , ӻ )
Captopril, Diltiazem, Felodipine, Laxatives (Bisacodyl), Nicardipine, Simvastatin
DGX Neomycin, Rifampicin (ű ̻), Sucralfate (19%), Thyroid H
Antineoplastic agents (׾ 缱 ջǹǷ صǹǷ ֻ )
Acarbose, Antacids (1~2hr ), Cholestyramine (1.5hrs ), Metoclopramide, Penicillamine, Salbutamol (Albuterol), Sulfasalazine,Ticlopidine
Cimetidine, Kaolin-pectin, Ranitidine, Vasodilator (Nitroprusside Na, Hydralazine)


8. Drug-Food interaction
   ҳ pectin ִ ҽŴ
   Ļ 1ð ϴ Ļ 2ð :
      Ļ BA ( İ ϴ BA 21% )
   õ Licorice () ʵ
   Elixir enteral feeding formulae  (ȿ )
   St. John's wort : DGX ( P-glycoprotein )
 
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