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1. °³¿ä
¨ç ÅëÁõÀ̶õ ?
º¸Åë ±¸Á¶Àû, Á¶Á÷¼Õ»ó¿¡ ¼ö¹ÝµÇ´Â ºÒÀ¯ÄèÇÑ
°¨°¢°ú Á¤¼ÀûÀÎ °æÇèÀ¸·Î ±ØÈ÷ ÁÖ°üÀûÀÎ ¾ç»óÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.
¨è ÅëÁõÀÇ Á¾·ù
a. ±Þ¼ºÅëÁõ : ¿Ü»ó, ¼ö¼ú°ú °°Àº ±ÙÀ°ÀÇ
°úµµÇÑ ±äÀå°ú Á¶Á÷¼Õ»óÀ¸·Î ¹ß»ýµÇ¾î 30ÀÏ ¹Ì¸¸À¸·Î Áö¼ÓµÇ´Â ÅëÁõ
b. ¸¸¼ºÅëÁõ : ȯÀÚÀÇ ±â´É°ú ½ÅüÀû, Á¤½ÅÀû
¾ÈÁ¤¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÖ´Â Áö¼ÓÀû EH´Â ¹ßÀÛÀû ÅëÁõÀÌ 6°³¿ù ÀÌ»ó Áö¼ÓµÇ´Â °æ¿ì
¡æ
¸¸¼º ¾Ç¼ºÁ¾¾ç¼º ÅëÁõ (chronic cancer pain) ; ¾Ç¼ºÁ¾¾çȯÀÚÀÇ 60~70%¿¡¼ ¹ß»ý
¡æ
ÅëÁõ¹ßÀÛ (breakthrough pain) : ¸¸¼ºÅëÁõÀÌ Áö¼ÓµÇ´Â Áß¿¡ °£ÇæÀûÀ¸·Î ÀϽÃÀûÀÎ ½É°¢ÇÑ °µµÀÇ
ÅëÁõÀÌ ÁßøµÇ´Â ÅëÁõ
2. ÅëÁõ°ü¸®ÀÇ ¿øÄ¢
1) ȯÀÚÀÇ ÅëÁõÈ£¼Ò, ÀÓ»óÀû »óÅÂ, ÅëÁõ °ü¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾à·Â µî ÅëÁõ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
Á¾ÇÕÀûÀÌ°í öÀúÇÑ Æò°¡°¡ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ®¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
2) ÀûÀýÇÑ ÅëÁõ°ü¸® ¸ñÇ¥¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
3) °³º°ÀûÀÎ ÅëÁõ°ü¸® ¿ä¹ýÀ» ½Ç½ÃÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
4) ÅëÁõ°ü¸® ½Ç½Ã¿¡ µû¸¥ ¸ð´ÏÅ͸µ°ú ȯÀÚÀÇ ÅëÁõÈ£¼Ò¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀçÆò°¡¸¦ ½Ç½ÃÇؾß
ÇÑ´Ù.
3. ÁøÅëÁ¦
1) ºñ¸¶¾à¼ºÁøÅëÁ¦
A. ÀÛ¿ë±âÀü
- Salicylate¿Í
NSAIDs :
ProstagladinÀ̳ª
Bradykinin °°Àº Ç÷°üÈ°µ¿¼º ¹°Áú¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ÃÊ·¡µÇ´Â ¸»ÃÊ Åë°¢À» ÀúÁöÇÑ´Ù.
NSAIDs´Â
COX-¥°, COX-¥±¸¦ ¸ðµÎ ÀúÇØÇÑ´Ù.
- Etanercept
:
tumor-necrosis
farctor (TNF) ÀúÇØÁ¦·Î¼ ¿°Áõ¹ÝÀÀ¿¡ Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ´ã´çÇÏ´Â cytokineÀ» ÀúÇØ
B. Ä¡·áÈ¿´É»óÀÇ Æ¯¼º
- ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ºñ¸¶¾à¼º
ÁøÅëÁ¦´Â ÇØ¿°ú ¼Ò¿° (Acetoaminophen Á¦¿Ü) ÀÛ¿ë
- ÁøÅëÈ¿°ú¿¡ À־Â
õÁ¤È¿°ú (ceiling effect)¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.
¢Ñ ¿ë·®À» °è¼Ó Áõ·®Çصµ ÃÖ´ë ¿ë·®¿¡¼ÀÇ È¿´É ÀÌ»óÀÇ »ó½ÂÈ¿°ú°¡ ³ªÅ¸³ªÀÚ ¾Ê´Â Çö»ó
- ¸¶¾à¼º ÁøÅëÁ¦¿Í ´Þ¸®
Åõ¿©¿¡ µû¸¥ ³»¼ºÀ» ÃÊ·¡ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç ½ÅüÀû, Á¤½ÅÀû ÀÇÁ¸¼ºÀ» ÃÊ·¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
C. Åõ¿©¿øÄ¢
- ºñ¸¶¾à¼º ÁøÅëÁ¦¿¡
´ëÇÑ È¯ÀÚÀÇ ¹ÝÀÀµµ¿Í ÀûÀÀ¼ºÀº ¸Å¿ì ´Ù¾ç
- ȯÀÚ°¡ ¾î¶² NSAIDÀÇ
ÃÖ´ëÄ¡·á ¿ë·®¿¡ ¹ÝÀÀÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»Áö ¾ÊÀ» °æ¿ì ¶Ç´Â ÀÌ»ó¹ÝÀÀÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â °æ¿ì¿¡´Â
´Ù¸¥ NSAID·Î
º¯°æÇϵµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù.
D. ÀÓ»óÀû Àû¿ë
¡á °æ±¸Åõ¿© : ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ °æÁõ~ÁßÁõµµ
ÅëÁõ¿¡ »ç¿ë
-
°ñ°Ý±ÙÀÇ ±Þ¼º ÅëÁõ, Ä¡°úÀû ÅëÁõ
-
°ñ°üÀý¿°, ·ù¸ÓƼ½º°üÀý¿°°ú °ü·ÃµÈ ÅëÁõ°ú ¿°Áõ
-
¸¸¼º ¾Ç¼ºÁ¾¾ç¼º ÅëÁõ¿¡ ´Üµ¶ ¶Ç´Â ¸¶¾à¼º ÁøÅëÁ¦¿Í º´¿ë »ç¿ë
-
°ñÀüÀÌ (bone metastasis)·Î ÀÎÇÑ ÅëÁõ
¡á ºñ°æ±¸Àû Åõ¿©
- Ketorolac
: ¸¶¾à¼º ÁøÅëÁ¦ »ç¿ëÀÌ Á¦ÇÑµÈ Áߵ~ÁßÁõ ÅëÁõ
E. ¾à¹°»óÈ£ÀÛ¿ë
- ¡ºWarfarin + Aspirin¡»
º´¿ë½Ã - Ç÷¼ÒÆÇ ÀÀÁýÀÛ¿ëÀÌ Áõ°µÇ¾î ÃâÇ÷ °æÇâÀÌ ³ô¾ÆÁø´Ù.
- ¡ºAspirin¡» ´Üµ¶ Åõ¿©½Ã
(3g ÀÌ»ó) - ÀúÇÁ·ÎÆ®·ÒºóÇ÷ÁõÀ» À¯¹ß
- ¡ºSalicylate¡» - MTXÀÇ
½Å ¼¼´¢°ü ºÐºñ¸¦ ¾ïÁ¦½ÃÅ´À¸·Î¼ MTXÀÇ ºÎÀÛ¿ëÀÎ ¹üÇ÷±¸°¨¼ÒÁõ (Pancytopenia)
¶Ç´Â
°£µ¶¼ºÀ» Áõ°½ÃŲ´Ù.
F. ºñ¸¶¾à¼º ÁøÅëÁ¦ÀÇ ºÐ·ù¿Í ¿ë¹ý¡¤¿ë·®
¼ººÐ (»óÇ°¸í/º»¿ø»ç¿ë) |
¼ºÀο뷮¹üÀ§ (mg) |
Åõ¿©°£°Ý (hrs) |
1ÀÏ ÃÖ´ë¿ë·® (mg) |
Para-aminophenol °è |
|
|
|
Acetaminophen
(Tylenol 160mg, Tylenol ER 750mg) |
325~1,000 |
4~6 |
4,000 |
Salicylates |
|
|
|
Aspirin (Aspirin
100mg, Aspirin protect 100mg, Bufferin) |
325~1,000 |
4~6 |
4,000 |
Diflunisal |
250~1,000 |
8~12 |
1,500 |
Salsalate |
500~1,000 |
8 |
3,000 |
Arylpropionic acid °è |
|
|
|
Fenoprofen |
200 |
4~6 |
3,200 |
Flubiprofen |
50~100 |
6~12 |
300 |
Ibuprofen
(Brufen syrup 20mg/mL) |
300~800 |
6~8 |
3,200 |
Ketoprofen
(Ketoprofen inj 100mg/2mL, Ketotop EL) |
12.5~75 |
6~8 |
300 |
Naproxen |
200~500 |
12 |
1,250 |
Naproxen
sodium (Babel 275mg/2.5mL) |
275~550 |
12 |
1,375 |
Oxaprazocin |
600~1,200 |
12 |
1,200 |
Heteroaryl acetic acid °è |
|
|
|
Diclofenac
(Clonac 90mg/2mL) |
25~75 |
6~12 |
200 |
Ketorolac
(Tarasyn 10mg, Tarasy 30mg/mL) |
15~60 (IM)
10 (PO) |
6 (IM)
4~6 |
120 (IM)
40 (PO) |
Tolmetin |
200~600 |
6~8 (PO) |
1,800 |
Indole and indene acetic acid°è |
|
|
|
Etodolac
(Lodine 200mg) |
200~400 |
6~12 |
1,200 |
Indomethacin |
25~50 |
8~12 |
200 |
Sulindac |
150~200 |
12 |
400 |
Antranilic acid °è |
|
|
|
Meclofenamate |
50~100 |
4~6 |
400 |
Mefenamic
acid (Pontal 250mg) |
250~500 |
6 |
1,000 |
Alkanone °è |
|
|
|
Nabumetone |
1,000 |
12~24 |
2,000 |
Piroxicam |
20 |
24 |
20 |
TNF-¥á inhibitors |
|
|
|
Etanercept
(Enbrel 25mg) |
25 (SC) |
84 |
25 twice
weekly |
2) ¸¶¾à¼º ÁøÅëÁ¦
A. ÀÛ¿ë±âÀü°ú Ä¡·áÈ¿´É
´ë³ú¿Í ô¼ö¿¡
ºÐÆ÷µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ¾ÆÆí ¼ö¿ëü¿¡ ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ¿© ÁøÅë°æ°¨ È¿´ÉÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»¸ç ƯÈ÷ ¥ì (mu)- ¼ö¿ëü¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
ÀÚ±ØÀ¸·Î Ư¡ÀûÀÎ morphine
À¯»çÈ¿´ÉÀÎ ÁøÅë, Äè°¨À¯¹ß(euphoria), ÁøÁ¤°¨À» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.
ÀÌ ¹Û¿¡ Ãൿ,
È£Èí¾ïÁ¦, ¼¸Æ ¹× ½ÅüÀû ÀÇÁ¸¼ºÀ» ÃÊ·¡ÇÏ´Â ºÎÀÛ¿ëµµ ¹ßÇöµÈ´Ù.
B. ÀÓ»óÀû Àû¿ë
-
½ÅüÀû ¶Ç´Â ³»Àå¿¡¼ ±âÀÎÇÏ´Â Áߵ¿¡¼ ½É°¢ÇÑ ÅëÁõÀ» óġÇϴµ¥ Àû¿ë
ÃÖÀû ¿ë·®Àº ȯÀÚº°·Î ´Ù¾çÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ °³º°ÈµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÏ¸ç ¿ë·®Àº È¿´É¿¡ µµ´ÞµÉ ¶§±îÁö ¶Ç´Â ºÎÀÛ¿ëÀÌ ¹ßÇöµÉ
¶§±îÁö ¼¼È÷ Áõ·®ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¿øÄ¢À¸·Î ÇÑ´Ù.
-
Åõ¿© °æ·Î
¡¤
°æ±¸Åõ¿© : ¸¸¼º, ¾ÈÁ¤Çü ÅëÁõ ƯÈ÷, ¾Ç¼ºÁ¾¾ç °ü·Ã ÅëÁõ¿¡ ¼±È£
Àå±âÀÛ¿ëÇü
Morphine ¶Ç´Â Oxycodone¿¡ »ç¿ë
¡¤
±ÙÀ° ¶Ç´Â ÇÇÇÏ ÁÖ»ç : ¼ö¼ú ÈÄ ÅëÁõ¿¡ ÈçÈ÷ »ç¿ë
´Ü
°í·ÉÀÚ³ª ¾Ç¾×Áú ȯÀÚÀÇ °æ¿ì Èí¼öÀ²ÀÌ ºÒ±ÔÄ¢ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ÁÖÀÇ
¡¤
Á¤¸Æ Á¡Àû Åõ¿© : ºÒ¾ÈÁ¤ÇÑ ¸¸¼ºÅëÁõÀ» ½Å¼ÓÇÏ°Ô °æ°¨½ÃÅ°±â À§ÇØ »ç¿ë
PCA,
±Þ¼º ¼ö¼ú ÈÄ ÅëÁõ¿¡ »ç¿ë
¡¤
°æ¸·¿Ü (epidural), ³ú¸·³» (intrathecal) Åõ¿© : ±Þ¼º ¼ö¼ú ÈÄ ÅëÁõ, ¸¸¼º ¾Ç¼ºÁ¾¾ç¼º
ÅëÁõ Ãʱâ
¡¤
Á÷Àå ¶Ç´Â °æÇÇ (transdermal) : fentanyl °æÇÇÅõ¿©Á¦´Â ¸¸¼º ÅëÁõ¿¡ ÀÌ¿ë
C. ÀÌ»ó¹ÝÀÀ
-
º¯ºñ : ¼ÒÀåÀÇ ±äÀåµµ¿Í ¿¬µ¿ ¿îµ¿À» °¨¼Ò½ÃÄÑ ¹ß»ý, ½ÄÀ̼¶À¯ ¼·Ãë Áõ°¡ ¹× ¿ÏÈÁ¦ »ç¿ë Ãßõ
-
¿À½É, ±¸Åä : ÈÇмö¿ëüÀÇ ÁßÃß Àڱؿ¡ ÀÇÇØ ¹ß»ý, ÁøÅäÁ¦¿Í º´¿ë Åõ¿©
-
È£Èí¾ïÁ¦ : Methadone, Levorphanol µîÀÇ ¹Ý°¨±â°¡ ±ä ¾à¹°À̳ª ½ÅºÎÀüȯÀÚ¿¡¼ È°¼º Morphine
´ë»ç¹°ÀÇ
ÃàÀûÀÛ¿ëÀ¸·Î ¹ß»ý, Á¤¸ÆÅõ¿©³ª °æ¸·¿Ü Åõ¿© ½Ç½ÃÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì ¸é¹ÐÇÑ ¸ð´ÏÅ͸µ ½Ç½Ã,
È£Èí¾ïÁ¦
Áõ»ó ¹ßÇö½Ã ¾ÆÆí±æÇ×Á¦ÀÎ Naloxone Åõ¿©
D. ³»¼º°ú ÀÇÁ¸¼º
-
³»¼º : ÁøÅëÈ¿´ÉÀ» À¯ÁöÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ¿ë·®À» Áõ°¡ÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì·Î º¸Åë ¸¸¼º ÅëÁõ ȯÀÚ¿¡°Ô¼ ¹ß»ý
³»¼º¹ßÇöÀÇ
°æ¿ì NSAIDsÀÇ ºÎ°¡·Î ÀûÀýÇÑ ÁøÅëÈ¿°ú¸¦ ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
-
ÀÇÁ¸¼º : ¸¶¾à¼º ÁøÅëÁ¦ÀÇ ÇÑ°èÁ¡
¾ÆÆí±æÇ×Á¦ÀÎ
NaloxoneÀ̳ª ºÎºÐ È¿´É¾à-±æÇ×Á¦ÀÎ PentazocineÀ» Åõ¿©ÇÏ¿© Á¶Àý
E. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ¸¶¾à¼º ÁøÅëÁ¦ÀÇ ¿ë¹ý¡¤¿ë·®,
ÀÛ¿ëÁö¼Ó½Ã°£
¾à¹° (»óÇ°¸í/º»¿ø»ç¿ë) |
ÁÖ»ç¿ë·® |
°æ±¸¿ë·® |
ÀÛ¿ëÁö¼Ó½Ã°£ |
Morphine (Morphine HCL 10mg/mL) |
10mg |
60mg |
4~7hrs |
Morphine CR |
N/A |
N/A |
12~24hrs |
Hydromorphone |
1.3mg |
7.5mg |
4~6hrs |
Oxymorphone |
1mg |
- |
4~6hrs |
Levorphanol |
2mg |
4mg |
4~7hrs |
Methadone |
10mg |
20mg |
4~6hrs |
Meperidine |
75mg |
300mg |
3~6hrs |
Fentanyl (Fentanyl 0.1mg/2mL) |
0.1mg |
- |
1~2hrs |
Fentanyl TD (Durogesic D trans 25¡¤50mcg/hr) |
N/A |
N/A |
48~72hrs |
Codeine (Codeine 20mg) |
130mg |
200mg |
4~6hrs |
Hydrocodone |
- |
5~10mg |
4~5hrs |
Dihydrocodone |
- |
32mg |
4~5hrs |
Oxycodone |
- |
5~10mg |
4~5hrs |
Oxycodone CR (Oxycontin CR 20¡¤40mg) |
- |
N/A |
4~5hrs |
Propoxyphene |
- |
65~100mg |
12~24hrs |
Nalbupine |
10mg |
- |
4~6hrs |
Butorphanol (Butophan 2mg/mL) |
2mg |
- |
4~6hrs |
Dezocine |
10mg |
- |
4~7hrs |
* ¿ë·®Àº Morphine 10mg. IM/SC¿Í µî°¡¿ë·®ÀÓ
CR = Controlled release ; TD = Transdermal
; N/S = not appreciable
F. º¸Á¸Á¦ ¹«ÇÔÀ¯ ¸¶¾à¼º ÁøÅëÁ¦ÀÇ °£ÇæÀû °æ¸·¿Ü Åõ¿©¿ë·®
¾à¹° |
¿ë·® (mg) |
ÀÛ¿ë¹ßÇö½Ã°£
(min) |
ÃÖ°íÈ¿°úµµ´Þ½Ã°£
(min) |
ÀÛ¿ëÁö¼Ó½Ã°£
(hrs) |
Morphine |
5~10 |
25 |
60 |
12~24 |
Fentanyl |
0.1 |
5~10 |
20 |
6 |
Meperidine |
50~100 |
5~10 |
15~30 |
7 |
Hydromorphone |
1 |
10~15 |
20 |
12 |
Buprenorphine |
0.3 |
30 |
40~60 |
8~9 |
G. º¸Á¸Á¦ ¹«ÇÔÀ¯ ¸¶¾à¼º ÁøÅëÁ¦ÀÇ
Áö¼ÓÀû Á¤¸ÆÁÖÀÔ Åõ¿©¹æ¹ý
¾à¹° |
ÃÊȸ Bolus ¿ë·®
(mg) |
ÁÖÀÔ³óµµ
(mg/mL) |
Åõ¿©¼Óµµ
(mg/hr) |
Morphine |
2 |
0.05~0.25 |
0.2~1.5 |
Fentanyl |
0.05~0.1 |
0.005~0.025 |
0.02`0.15 |
Meperidine |
30~100 |
10~20 |
5~20 |
Hydromorphone |
0.5~1 |
0.02~0.05 |
0.15~0.3 |
3) ÁøÅëºÎ°¡Á¦
¾à¹°°è¿ |
¾à¹° |
ÀûÀÀÁõ |
»ïȯ°è Ç׿ì¿ïÁ¦ |
Amitriptyline (Etravil 10mg), Desipramine,
Doxepine, Imipramine (Imipramin 25mg) |
½Å°æ¼º ÅëÁõ :
¿ì¿ïÁõ, ºÒ¸éÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇÑ ¸¸¼º ÅëÁõ |
Ç×°æ·ÃÁ¦ |
Carbamazepine (Tegretol CR 200mg),
Clonazepam (Rivotril 0.5mg),
Phenytoin (phenitoin 100mg),
Valproate (Depakote 250¡¤500mg, Orfil 300mg),
Gabapentin (Neurontin 300mg) |
³¯Ä«·Î¿î ½Å°æ¼º ÅëÁõ :
3Â÷ ½Å°æÅë, ¿Ü»óÈÄ ½Å°æÅë |
½Å°æÀÌ¿ÏÁ¦ |
Fluphenazine, Haloperidol (Peridol 1.5mg),
Prochloperazine |
ºÒÀÀ¼º ½Å°æ¼º ÅëÁõ :
¼¶¸Á ¶Ç´Â ¿À½É¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ÅëÁõ |
ºÎ½ÅÇÇÁúÈ£¸£¸óÁ¦ |
Dexamethasone |
½Å°æħ½ÀÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇÑ ÅëÁõ
°ñÀüÀÌ¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ ÅëÁõ |
Ç×È÷½ºÅ¸¹ÎÁ¦ |
Hydroxyzine |
ºÒ¾ÈÁõ ¶Ç´Â ¿À½ÉÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇÑ
ÅëÁõ |
º¥Á¶µð¾ÆÁ¦ÇÉ·ù |
Alprazolam (Alpram 0.4mg, Xanax 0.25mg),
Lorazepam (Ativan 0.5mg) |
ºÒ¾ÈÁõ, ±ÙÀ°°æ·ÃÀ¸·Î ÇÕº´µÈ
ÅëÁõ |
¾ÏÆ䟹ηù |
Dextroamphetamine,
Methylphenidate (Penid 10mg) |
¸¸¼º ÅëÁõȯÀÚÀÇ °úµµÇÑ ¸¶¾à¼º
ÁøÅëÁ¦ À¯µµ¼º ÁøÁ¤ |
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